og-prior ߚ of is simplified as below,

logIGሺߚ|ܽ, ܾሻ∝ܽlogܾ൅ሺܽ൅1ሻlogߚെܾߚ

(6.24)

og-prior of ߤ is simplified as below,

logܩሺߤ|ߤ, ߪ

ሻ∝െ1

2 logߪ

ሺߤെߤ

(6.25)

optimisation follows the procedure of maximising a posteriori

2006]. The process is implemented in two steps, i.e., the

on step and the maximisation step. In the expectation step, the

is calculated based on both the model parameters and the hyper-

rs. In the maximisation step, the model parameters and the hyper-

rs are updated based on the evaluated posterior. The update of ߤ

below [Yang and Yang, 2013],

ߤൌߚ∑ݖ

൅ߚߤ

ߚ݊൅ߚ

(6.26)

pdate rule for ߚ is shown below,

ߚൌ

݊൅2ܽ൅2

∑൫ݖ

െߤ൯

൅2ܾ

(6.27)

pdate rule for ߚ is shown below,

ߚ

ܽ൅1

ሺߤെߤ/2 ൅ܾ

(6.28)

d on the analysis above, a new t statistic is defined as below, where

is the first candidate outlier in ܢି or the one which is most close

ht cluster box,

ݐݖ

ିെߤ

ߪ

(6.29)